It’s a difficult one as although it’s the carpets in the rear passenger footwells that are damp, water will ‘travel’ and settle at the lowest point, so the water ingress point might not necessarily be at the rear. If it’s your windscreen and front side windows that are misting up, that does suggest water is getting into the front - even if the front carpets feel dry, the sound deadening underlay sandwiched between the carpet and the metal floor pan could be water saturated. Finding and stopping the water ingress is really important as left unresolved, the damp could develop into a breeding ground for mould and bacteria which is a health hazard and will also smell unpleasant.
If it could categorically be confirmed the only dampness is the carpet in the rear footwells, that might (but not necessarily) point to it being perished, deformed or faulty door seals or failed rear door speaker seals (leaking rear door speaker seals is a fairly common issue on the mk7 Golf).
Below is a list of possible water ingress points I’m aware of on the mk7 / mk7.5 Golf that have been discussed on forums over the years. Not all of these may be relevant to the Polo but many will. It might be worth working through the list narrowing it down to a shortlist of the most likely ingress points and then deal with those in turn.
Good luck - I hope you find the source of your problem quickly and you’re able to fix it without too much hassle or cost

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List below items in no particular order;
1. Blocked pollen filter.
2. Cars with sunroof - blocked sunroof drain pipes.
3. Damaged / broken rear door speaker seals, resulting in water draining into the foot wells.
4. Damaged / poor fitting door or window seals.
5. Damaged / perished grommet on the bottom of the drain pipe from the hatch release handle.
6. Damaged / cracked rubber sleeving covering the wiring from the car into the tailgate.
7. Poor seal between the tailgate hinges and where they’re attached to the body shell above the tailgate opening.
8. Damaged rubber washer between the roof and roof mounted aerial.
9. Damaged or perished seal(s) between the rear light clusters and the car body.
10. A/C drain tube becoming detached from the evaporator, draining into car interior rather than on the ground outside the car
11. Failed seals between the car bodywork and the air equalisation vents in the lower rear quarter panels either side of the boot behind rear bumper cover (requires bumper cover removal for easy access).
12. Replacement windscreen not bonded correctly to car body shell.
13. Blocked drainage holes in windscreen scuttle panel.
EDIT - just read your first post again where you said you’ve only had your car for a week. If you bought it from a dealership I’d be taking it back to them to fix as IMHO it’s almost certain the water ingress issue was present before you bought the car. You might want to also familiarise yourself with your rights under the Consumer Rights Act;
https://www.thecarexpert.co.uk/rejecting-a-car/
Please keep this discussion topic updated with developments and the outcome for the benefit of other forum members.